Daily essential public facilities, urban and joint ventures in transportation, communications, electricity, water, electricity, gas, oil and other systems engineering.
from a variety of buildings, structures, piping and other components, but also likely to cause secondary disasters, flammable, explosive, radioactive or toxic engineering facilities.
- a wide variety of structure types, the situation is complicated and difficult to centrally;
- a number of areas, the destruction of any part may affect the function of the whole system;
- through building more facilities, bridges, subway;
- the destruction of many components, partly because the strong ground motion and the stress wave caused by the deformation of the other, its foundation, caused by failure sensitive.
lifeline safety measures include: transportation systems, communications systems, electrical systems, gas works, accidents and other safety measures. Safety and Disaster
one of the biggest challenges is how to best use the available power, the important measures for improvement, is not only to management, but also in the safety of the public awareness (at all levels and adults, students, children)
Community power supply system security management (equipment, overload, lightning protection, files, maintenance and repair)
community water supply and drainage system security management: water (living, production, fire); water (life, industrial wastewater, stormwater); hot water systems (heating) Building Lightning ; urban high-rise buildings, oil, gas, water, electricity and large critical lifeline facilities, equipment and other major hazards increase, resulting in the diversity of urban disaster; in the event of disasters and accidents, will cause a chain reaction, causing heavy losses.
60 页
Shanghai Business School,UGG boots, fire, four girls jumped to his death
ü basin connected with the water that can rapidly fire (loss of the best rescue time .)
ü hostel is a confined space, oxygen concentration in general. When the two girls opened the door, a sudden influx of combustion air has played a role, and then quickly on fire.
ü retractable gates blocking escape routes dormitory.
ü What was the, smoke billowed from the dormitory building, the fire has burned in the hair room balcony outside. Four witnesses saw the body of a girl stuck out and the outside hand side of hard Bazhu balcony. Soon, one girl is not catch to fall down.
crowded crowd stampede occurred characteristics:
happen time and space variable, difficult to implement control measures
induced many reasons, difficult to predict sudden
, difficult to control
Qunsiqunshang, great harm
state of people in the characteristics of disturbance:
crowd in panic mode, there was chaos, people escape the mainstream of compliance flow;
everyone finds the best path to choose their own, different people prone to physical collision, extrusion and stampede.
evacuation of people in riots in the risk of state:
arching phenomenon: the gathering crowd surrounded the crowd, the crowd density increases, exit routes blocked, it was out of balance, the occurrence of falls and being trampled, self-rescue difficult.
different flow phenomena to the crowd: the crowd from different directions, their territories, crowd disorder, crowded chaos.
heterogeneous population flow: a qualitative different people, everyone according to their view that the quickest road ahead, detour, or crowded by others. Different physical persons disadvantaged because of strong pressure by the rear, may fall, causing the former servant after the step.
many fires were mostly killed in the accident had been trampled before
some of the city crowded places, in the event of an accident, if the fire-fighting facilities can not achieve the desired effect, emergency measures can not be timely effective as rescue lost time and opportunity, it may cause secondary accidents and even disasters, causing heavy casualties and property losses. A crowded places if there are different degrees of potential accidents, so no doubt the city safe
(3) campus security
school facilities and equipment of the building collapse, fire, staircases and other causes of students crowded the personal injury accident;
educational activities intentionally or negligently caused personal injury accidents for students;
physical education, sports injury caused by accident;
school cafeteria food hygiene food safety issues or other emergencies caused by poisoning , resulting in personal injury accidents teachers and students;
rest of the game between the students, the students fight personal injury caused by accident or drowning accident;
sudden and epidemic diseases, such as atypical pneumonia, scarlet fever, red eyes, and hepatitis;
campus community and surrounding the safety of road traffic injuries caused;
their students to go out there an accident;
illegal entry into the district's criminal activities, social security incidents, such as public health problems caused by accidents;
hazards around the school, such as gas stations, places of production and management of dangerous goods accidents caused by hidden to students security threats and injuries;
irresistible natural disasters such as students face the danger and harm;
violent incidents on campus, sexual harassment, violations of human rights caused psychological harm to the students.
(4) Safety
grassroots community building is an important platform for emergency management
security is a tree, its soil is the
a city is formed by the community, the community is the cell of society, community safety is one cornerstone of production and livelihood security.
thinking emphasizes community building our security people-oriented, full participation, sustainable development, can be quantified safety objectives.
communities should integrate public security, transportation, fire protection, urban management, supervision and other aspects of security resources, the establishment of information collection, monitoring, surveillance, emergency response, security precautions linkage command functions as one of the community emergency response command center.
frequent occurrence of public emergencies in China and one of the reasons causing huge losses, poor safety awareness of the whole society, community residents and the low capacity of public self-help and mutual aid, community safety, poor foundation. Have not formed a community center accident, disaster prevention and emergency management.
2006 年 1 month issued the .
SAWS promulgated the rate of accidents.
the establishment of a community safety network: Government - Safety - Health - Police - Fire - volunteer organization - Business - Home - Construction of four in one community
Safety Chain: Business - Community - Home - Staff
curing the security concept and awareness to people's daily behavior
culturally determined cognitive, cognitive decision to act, so that the safety behaviors become a habit - publicity, education, Training
June, the Emergency Response Law made five events:
- prevention and emergency preparedness
- monitoring and early warning
- emergency response and rescue
- recovery and reconstruction after
- Liability
developed reduce and eliminate incidents of serious social harm caused, standard emergency response activities to protect people's lives and property,UGG shoes, safeguarding national security, public safety, environmental security and social order.
emergency response
clear a few things:
- emergency response focusing on prevention, combining prevention and emergency response principles.
- countries with risk assessment system for major incidents, emergencies that may occur on a comprehensive assessment, to reduce the occurrence of major emergencies, to minimize the impact of major emergencies.
- countries to establish effective social mobilization mechanisms, enhance public safety and national awareness of risk prevention and improve the capacity of the whole society hedge relief.
- to determine the leadership and command responsibility for emergency response agencies, emergency rescue took place, the work of county government implementation requirements (Article VII).
- clearly under the leadership of the State Council in charge of the Prime Minister in particular the response to major emergencies.
- the people's governments above the county level to establish emergency response command structure.
- higher people's government department in charge of guiding and coordinating the people's governments at lower levels and the corresponding emergency response departments.
- to establish an integrated and coordinated emergency response mechanisms, effective integration and coordination of resources.
- the people's government and its departments to make emergency response decisions, orders, shall be promptly released.
- citizens,Bailey UGG boots, legal persons and other organizations involved in emergency response duty
- to respond to emergencies, units and individuals may be expropriated property (compensation and return requirements).
- the army, armed police forces and militias to participate in emergency rescue and emergency disposal.
- in emergency prevention, monitoring and early warning, emergency response and rescue, recovery and reconstruction after the event, etc., with foreign governments and relevant international organizations, cooperation and exchanges.
- above the county level people's congresses at all levels of local government to supervise the work to respond to emergencies.
seven business emergency rescue plan for the establishment and implementation of
do:
1, the factory set up emergency plans;
2, to determine leadership responsibilities;
3, the establishment of organizations;
4, set up plan (Plan) of the Establishment Subcommittee;
5, risk assessment, consequence analysis and risk assessment
6, emergency resources to prepare;
7, seeking help to develop contingency plan (plan)
1, business contingency plans to establish
emergency rescue plan (plan) to goals:
- on the identified emergencies are adequately prepared
- decision-making process to ensure timely and effective;
- security emergency response agencies, emergency resources to respond to emergencies
- security contingency plans for various emergency situations
been fully exercises the contingency plan (plan) should have the following effects:
- - help to identify existing technology, the risk of physical or operating procedures;
- to the officer familiar with the layout of the factory, fire, leakage control equipment and emergency response actions;
- increase the confidence of the accident when emergency and preparatory;
- reduce the number of casualties the public;
- reduce liability risks.
- to reduce damage to the plant facilities;
- the proposal to lower the risk, such as the introduction or improvement of operating procedures and other safety devices;
- reduced insurance premiums .
- If there are no contingency plans may be subject to legal sanctions.
76 77 页
? Category development plans: the content of plans should be two main lines in the vertical and horizontal, based on the classification of the preparation:
(1) vertical
- plans for major hazards;
- for flammable, explosive, toxic plans for key installations;
- key production sites for plans;
- for fire, explosion, leak, poisoning, etc. plans.
(2) cross
power outage, water, steam stop, communications interruption, and natural disasters (floods, earthquakes, lightning storms, etc.) emergency plan. On the preparation of a plan should be to finalize plans for the next level, based on guidelines and units should be based on the actual situation, determine the response plan contents.
2, determine the responsibilities of leadership:
leadership responsibilities in emergency preparedness:
to know the factory in the event of accident, workers and communities exposed to the hazards of the public can answer emergency faced by the state, how to do it from the effects of the accident.
the threat of dangerous substances has been the public perception, the leadership of a business obligation and the need to develop contingency plans to prevent and mitigate the risks.
determine if a leader is responsible for emergency management, who have the ability to control and enforcement powers. At the same time everyone should have emergency response organization replacements, the same duties. (Who should not be the scene officers who command large)
3, the establishment of organizations:
? Command and control is the key to respond to emergency situations.
? contingency planning coordinator of emergency management clear - Emergency Command
? commander duties should be clearly responsible for the accident emergency command. Coordination: Fire - Police - Security Regulation - Municipal Engineering - Public health - any other emergency response agencies and other departments.
? opinion leader and responsible for resolving differences, and to ensure harmonization.
? have a continuity of leadership - as a person can change the implementation of the relevant function can not be changed.
? organizational composition of the following questions should be clear:
- who is responsible for coordinating the overall emergency response operations?
- command system?
- all aspects of emergency response duties?
- more people arrived at the scene command system change?
- Who is responsible for the technical support for planning and recommendations?
- who does expert advice?
- who have veto power?
- who is entitled to deal with the emergency operations of the expenditure?
- who has the power to other agencies, organizations and local businesses requesting assistance?
unified command, unified action, the line of their duties, have continued running
4, set up plan (Plan) of the Establishment Subcommittee:
participate: emergency response personnel and surrounding plant cooperation and exchange between communities.
selected an authoritative leader, responsible for the full implementation of its mandate (to develop plans to revise assessment, and the ability to communicate and cooperate with various departments)
project team members: You must be related field wealth of technical experience within the community memory in a dangerous source of business representatives should be members of the group, the other, including: transportation, highway, marine and aviation) officials.
should be representatives of business communities to organize and coordinate the work.
project team tasks: review the existing contingency plans; personnel and resources to confirm; risk analysis; development of contingency plans (plans). 838 486 页
risk analysis and content of the main ideas: What kind of accident will happen? How big is the probability of occurrence?
consequences of such accidents? (To include on-site and outside the plant)
such incidents can be prevented? If not, what would be the level of an emergency situation?
what areas will be affected?
who evaluate such an emergency situation? According to what?
to police? How to establish effective communication?
who is responsible for doing? What time? How to do?
What resources currently available? What resources should have?
, if possible, what kind of external assistance available? If so, how to get?
(2) Consequences:
consequence analysis is based on the results of vulnerability analysis to assess the accident or disaster occurs, causing damage to the city (or hurt) the possibility and could lead to the actual damage (or injury) level. Usually choose the worst case analysis.
(1) accidents and environmental anomalies (such as flood) the possibility of or simultaneous occurrence of the possibility of a variety of emergency incidents;
(2) the type of damage caused to (acute , delayed or chronic) and the associated high-risk groups;
(3) the type of property damage (temporary, repairable or permanent);
(4) on the environment damage type (recoverable or permanent).
(3) emergency incident
credible accident to determine the identification
credible accident: emergency situations that may occur in the most serious incidents;
hazard identification process engineering, major hazard identification, assessment by experts to determine the emergency events
accident to determine the controllability analysis, frequency and consequence analysis (Risk Analysis and Evaluation), the higher the emergency unit event, the lower unit of the emergency event.
emergency events: a high level of risk event series (not easy to control).
6, Emergency Preparedness (Emergency Capability Assessment)
(1) basic equipment: emergency rescue facilities; the relevant departments and other emergency equipment available and relevant medical institutions; hazard monitoring equipment; Personal protective equipment (such as breathing apparatus, protective clothing, etc.);
mutual aid agreement signed, such as the linkage plan.
(2) special equipment
detector equipped with emergency medical equipment and medicines building ripper, metal cutting and mining equipment, support, protection equipment hoisting, lifting, transportation equipment
also need to increase those resources
how to add rational use and integration of existing and additional resources
(5) emergency response Capacity:
who do in an emergency situation, when, how?
who is responsible for the entire emergency response process? Management structure should be how to adapt in such a situation?
how to report an emergency situation? Who is responsible for notification?
get those external assistance? How long can arrive? What happens
safe refuge or evacuation needs (outside the factory and factory workers)?
how to restore normal operation?
(6) the classification of
emergency incident response should be based on the form and characteristics of the event classification, incidents are generally divided into: < br>
a) natural disasters b) industrial production event c) public health events d) social security incidents
(7) emergency event classification
business administration in accordance with level and the emergency nature of the event, severity, controllability, and other factors affect the scope of classification, such as: Ⅰ (Group) level, Ⅱ (directly under the enterprise) level, III (two units) level, IV (basic units level), ... ... N level.
7. Emergency Rescue Plan (Plan) was enacted:
- to develop effective emergency response plan, review relevant content
- to determine the appropriate type of contingency plan, determine program content
- emergency plan preparation procedures
- contingency planning process, in particular, contingency planning procedures
- the preparation of emergency rescue scheme
- joint emergency rescue plan
- Plan review and revision of
- contingency plans prepared plans for purposes of inspection
: operable
should avoid the content of contingency plans for things
rough or too cumbersome
situation of the enterprise and out with the big
targeted contingency plans and operational differences
lack of systematic plans for various emergency planning and coordination of
lack of effective implementation of emergency plans (on paper)
the Expression of contingency plans for non-professionals can not read (should be simple and clear, precise language, logical and strong)
emergency resources in place,bailey UGG boots, failure of safety-related staff functions related to cross-
too, unclear responsibilities
do
< br> done two things: planning and preparation of plans for the basic structure and content of the plan who completed specific: Who is involved in contingency planning related to the discussion group: all members of emergency response organizations who chaired the review contingency plans: emergency rescue, head of the to invite experts to participate in
96 97 页
8, emergency action and effective implementation of the
(1) training and emergency training and emergency drills exercise
Type: orientation training, training table, the basic functional training to develop training programs specific emergency training emergency training emergency response exercises and the preparation of training materials designed coach
training and evaluation of the implementation of training and drills to improve emergency response emergency response personnel and enterprise employees the important measure is to test, evaluate and maintain emergency response capabilities as an important means,
fully exercise the same as the real accident many departments use the props in full
100 101 页
emergency management system to establish the fundamental purpose:
is in the unexpected event occurs, timely response, centralized command, the overall coordination, and will not know what to do, the disasters and minimize losses.
event of an accident should prompt start of the plan, in place, the line of their duties, can not be mutually Selection Committee. The consequences of the Selection Committee is to delay the rescue, resulting in greater loss is to be investigated for legal liability - , who is not a great conductor who is the official.
informed of developments to the higher and the situation. If necessary, inform the public.
there is a most valuable asset is called healthy. Has a healthy, career and life will be more meaningful.
There is a basic right to call security. Have a safe, though can not have everything, but certainly not all there is no security.
have called one of the most profound love of responsibility, have a responsibility to themselves, others, family and businesses safe and healthy to have more assurance.
look forward to a better tomorrow, we must from now on, every little thing from the start, continuous improvement, bad habits, with our confidence, feelings and wisdom, and perseverance to create a safe and healthy environment, Every day we can work healthy and happy life every year.
to safe behavior becomes a habit, so that love of life into an idea.
No comments:
Post a Comment